Clubfoot, medically known as talipes equinovarus, is a congenital condition where one or both feet are twisted out of their normal position. It occurs when the tendons connecting the leg muscles are shorter and tighter than usual, causing the feet to turn inwards and downwards. In more severe cases, the soles may even point upwards, giving the foot a rounded, golf-club-like appearance.

Common characteristics of clubfoot include:

• One or both feet pointing downward
• Soles turning inward or upward
• Feet appearing smaller than average
• Inwardly rotated toes
• Underdeveloped heel and calf muscles

Clubfoot may occur on its own (idiopathic) or as part of a broader condition such as spina bifida or neuromuscular disorders. It affects approximately 1 in 1,000 babies, with boys more commonly affected than girls. While painless at birth, untreated clubfoot can lead to discomfort, difficulty walking, and trouble finding suitable footwear as the child grows.

Causes, diagnosis and risk factors

Clubfoot can often be detected on a prenatal ultrasound from the 18th week of pregnancy. However, a full diagnosis is made after birth. While the exact cause is unknown, several factors may increase the risk:

• Family history of clubfoot
• Male gender (twice as likely as females)
• Low amniotic fluid levels during pregnancy
• Mothers who smoke during pregnancy
• Foetal position in the womb (postural clubfoot)

Early detection allows families and doctors to plan appropriate treatment, though it does not prevent the condition’s development.

Treatment options for clubfoot

Clubfoot is treatable, especially when addressed soon after birth. The goal of treatment is to improve foot function and appearance, and to allow for pain-free walking. Treatments vary depending on the severity of the condition.

Non-surgical treatment

For many cases, non-surgical methods are effective. These options are best started within the first few weeks of life while the baby’s bones and joints are still flexible.

The Ponseti method

This is the most widely used treatment for clubfoot and has a 90% success rate. It involves:

Manipulation and casting: The baby’s foot is gently repositioned and placed in a cast. The foot is adjusted weekly, with new casts applied over several weeks.

Achilles tenotomy: In many cases, a minor procedure is needed to release tightness in the Achilles tendon. A small incision allows the tendon to lengthen naturally. A final cast is applied post-surgery to promote healing.

Bracing (boots and bar): Once correction is achieved, a brace keeps the foot in position and prevents recurrence. Babies wear it full-time for three months, then part-time (14+ hours/day) for up to four years. Supportive footwear is crucial during this phase.

The French method

Also known as the physical therapy method, this involves daily stretching, massage, taping and splinting. It requires consistent therapy sessions and parental involvement. Visible improvements are typically seen after three months of daily treatment.

Surgical treatment

If non-surgical methods are not successful, or the condition is complex due to other health issues, surgery may be necessary. Minor procedures may involve tendon release, while more severe cases require full reconstruction of tendons, ligaments and joints. Recovery involves casting for 4–6 weeks and ongoing bracing or orthopaedic footwear to maintain results.

Care and support

Clubfoot isn’t painful for infants, but without treatment, it can severely affect mobility later in life. Early intervention may involve time, effort and emotional patience — but it provides your child with the best chance of pain-free movement and normal development.

Children undergoing treatment may need extra support, especially during the bracing years. They might tire easily, face movement restrictions, or feel frustrated by visible differences. Supportive parenting and a loving environment go a long way in building their confidence.

One common challenge is finding footwear that fits comfortably over braces or supports their developing feet. Specially designed orthopaedic shoes help reduce pressure, maintain foot alignment, and promote safe movement.

At First Walkers, we understand these needs. Our collection of orthopaedic shoes for children aged 6 months to early teens is designed for comfort, support and style. Whether your child is in recovery or needs ongoing stability, we offer fun, functional footwear that fits. Click here to browse our supportive shoe range.